Tuesday, 28 August 2012
[ A Brief History ]
The internet of today was born in 1973 when Vint Cerf developed the TCP/IP
protocol.
Not only could files be transferred quite simply but also information could
be posted for public perusal leading to the emergence of email and news services. The introduction of computers as personal productivity devices first began to appear
around 1977 with Apple, Tandy and Commodore computers. Although computers
could be connected in networks for the purposes of transferring files although such
operations remained complex and technically demanding.
In 1989 Robert Cailliau (Gillies, J. & Cailliau, R., 2001) and Tim Berners-Lee at
CERN in Switzerland put forward a proposal for the management of documents using
computers. Management at CERN received the proposal as ‘vague but exciting
(Gillies, 2001, p. 181). Cailliau and Berners-Lee envisaged a service that could share
files, documents, information, dialogue, graphics, sound files and more. They called
this service the World Wide Web (WWW). Networking using the WWW continued
frenetically until in 2001 the dot com crash rationalised the services that could be
provided and consolidated the first round of the WWW for the provision of
information globally.
Throughout this entire period, a computer and desktop software needed to be
purchased and software installed. The software included an operating system,
applications and utilities for checking viruses and the like. When computers were
connected they then required additional software and network servers to communicate
on the internet and use the WWW services.
The initial stages of the WWW from 1990 to 2001 provided the capacity for an
information service. Schools, training colleges and universities developed websites as
part of the proliferation of information accessible globally. The websites were
institutionally focussed and somewhat akin to reading manuals. This meant that
access by users was limited to the provision of information only in text formats with
littleconsideration for being user friendly or user focussed. This was described in a
predictions about the internet in 1999 called The ClueTrain Manifesto (Levine et al,
2000) as a passive ‘push’ model of communication.The Cluetrain Manifesto predicted
that users of the internet would become more actively involved in a networked ‘pull’
environment.
Then beginning in 2001, other types of services began to appear on the WWW. These
included Google, Wikipedia, MySpace, FaceBook, Digg, Technorati, Twitter, Spock
and many more which provided their services remotely and freely. These services are
known as Software as a Service (SaaS) applications and remove the need for common
desktop productivity software of the kind Word, Excel, PowerPoint and the like.
The WWW had moved towards becoming a read/write platform where users could
engage with others, contribute and publish information in several formats including
text, graphics, animation, audio and video. Tim O’Rielly (2005) popularised this new
use of the WWW as Web 2.0, a term that became widely accepted although the term
had been used several years previously. The term did not mean that the WWW
underwent a technical change but instead became a platform where interactive
communication was possible. In the ClueTrain Manifesto this was described s the
‘pull’ model of communication.
The combined internet and the WWW has matured as a communications, productivity
and social networking platform in its own right with no precedent in history. Professor
Jim Bosco (2006) from Western Michigan University has traced the development of
communication through history and highlights the development of human
communications through verbal, written and now electronic communication. He
concludes by suggesting that today we are in a period where verbal and written
communication operate electronically, globally and more personally than ever before
and that has profound implications for education, business and research. Bosco (2006,
p. 8) also states that the hegemony of formal education - school - as the educational
agency for society - has ended because the available capacity for personalisation and
individual contribution will be increasingly used by a diverse range of groups for
education.
In examining the brief history above, a number of issues emerged. The computer has
become a productivity and communication networking device beyond use as a stand
alone machine which it was when personal computers began. The new trend towards
SaaS services from remote central locations does not require the purchase and
installation of desktop software productivity applications but does require access to
the internet. Mention has also been made of changes which need to be further
explored in education, research and business with the impact of personalisation and
the ‘pull’ versus ‘push’ expectations of experienced and connected online users.
References from :: [ ICT Trends in Education ]
[ WHO IS THE CREATOR INTERNET ? ]
Actually, no one can ever say was responsible for designing the Internet. Internet actually invented in the 1960's as a large network which connects computers on the largest universities with state-owned computer.
Keep in mind that the Internet creation science started during the Cold War when the United States compete with the Russian government in creating various types of weapons and advanced technologies.
So, the Internet is actually not a new thing.
In fact did you know, e-mail has become our culture today actually been around since 1972 yet.
It just was popularized in 1989 by Tim Bernes-Lee, scientists from Geneva after introducing the World Wide Web or the more commonly known by www.
[ Source: Estidotmy ]
[ ICT in Teaching - Use of ICT in Teaching and Learning ]
What do you understand about the use of ICT in teaching? In summary ICT is an abbreviation of English words that Information and Communication Technology which means Information and Communication Technology. So ICT in teaching is related to the use of information and communication technology in teaching and learning.
PURPOSE OF THE USE OF ICT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING (P & P)
The use of ICT in teaching and learning means using ICT in a planned and appropriate to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of R & D. Integration of ICT in teaching and learning involves teachers and students. This means that ICT is used as an additional P & P not learn about ICT.
BENEFITS OF ICT IN LEARNING
Thoughtful use of ICT, organized and appropriate to the needs of learning:
• working to improve student understanding and mastery of a lesson
• provide equal learning opportunities to all students of diverse ability
• increase student motivation
• enable learning alone (individualise learning)
• enable pupils to access the scarce information
• enable pupils to gather the information needed long or too expensive to collect
• creating a fun and challenging learning
• enable pupils to try or perform experiments difficult, too expensive, impossible or dangerous to be performed in the usual way
• enhancing students' creativity and imagination
• provide opportunities for students to learn effectively with minimal guidance
• ICT skills
REQUIREMENTS To harness ICT R & D
To benefit from the use of ICT in teaching and learning, the following points should be noted:
• The use of ICT in teaching and learning should be well planned, not jump or midwife as ancillary activities not related to the curriculum
• Teachers must use ICT in accordance with the curriculum or to support of an R & D approach
• There is a hardware and software that can be used as well as appropriate learning activities
Understanding of the concept-based teaching and learning mode.
Mode or approach is introduced to the integration of ICT in teaching and learning is an approach to help teachers - teachers apply a process of learning that involves technology with more planned. The concept of the use of ICT in teaching and learning can be categorized as:
a) Tutorial
b) Applications
c) Exploration (Exploratory)
d) Communication
copy from www.afiffuddin.com
[ USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS ]
Relevant technology can provide a positive impact if used in a business. Besides being an important component of the business, a harmonious relationship between technology and business will have to be created. In fact, if the use of technology is negligible, the business will lose competitiveness both at local and global levels. To get a clearer picture of the use of technology in business, we follow the passage of a conference held in the capital recently.
Dr. Martin Berlin, Recruitment Manager, McKinsey & Company (Malaysia), as the chairman of the conference was to get the views and ideas of thoughtful member panel of Jason Lim, Director, Internet Business Group, Microsoft (Malaysia), Yohani Yusof, Channel Manager e -Business Asia Pacific, Intel Electronics, John Wong, Partner of General Atlantic Partners, Baharum Salleh, president, TM Multimedia, and Ramesh Subramaniam, from McKinsey & Co. (Singapore).
When answering the first question posed in the conference held in conjunction with Venture 2001 program, John felt that the technology is applied in various areas of business such as telecommunications, retail, stock brokers, financial, etc. are to good causes.
In fact, he said, technology will continue to be a part or component in any kind of business. And, a lot of technology development for several years funded by venture capitalists.
Referring to the advantages of technology, Jason also provide opinion parallel. He said "There is a wind of change in terms of competition, both in and outside the country. So, companies need to use technology to increase revenue, reduce operating costs, improve customer satisfaction, partners and employees. Besides help in increasing yield, the use of technology can also expand access to other countries where there is a cutting-edge technology such as the Internet and e-commerce. question is, how technology can be used to help businesses adopt to become more efficient. "
When he was asked about the importance of technology in business grafts over time, Jason insists that there is a harmonious relationship between technology and business, such as information technology (IT) can help companies be more successful. Yohani also recognized the need for this relationship, but emphasizes the role of 'man' as one of the key elements to ensure that the technology used works. So, focusing on technology users need through education and training so that they understand how the technology of creating harmonious relationships for business growth.
Meanwhile, John tries to divide into two parts, technology build and destroy. He said, "in terms of providing technology to build applications, increasing productivity, efficiency, and other good things, through the use of technology. Meanwhile, the damage can be seen in several aspects, such as when a business becomes too productive and efficiency increases, then a fall in prices products. This causes the business to compete harder to maintain or increase market share. Consequently, there is a continued weak business and failed. "
However, the success of a business realities are not subject to technology alone. According to Ramesh, the company needs a good business base in the new economy as a good business model to be successful in financial terms. Technology basically just help and entrepreneurs can not escape from the fact that businesses need a good foundation and model. For example, new models such as 'brick and click' even need a good foundation to run the business. If there is no good business model to be combined with innovation and smart technology, the business will not be successful.
The use of technology is key to the success of e-biz
Meanwhile, Baharum try to see the use of technology in business from different perspectives. One, technology as an enabler and another technology as the end product. Examples of microprocessors is one of the end product of a successful technology since tens of years ago. The one that keeps coming up is the Internet where sophistication try proved in several tech businesses such as B2C (business-to-customer), and gateway (portal) Web.
"We should not be more focused on technology, and ignore the business model should be a primary consideration. Example, there are many businesses that do not use technologies such as pernigaaan restaurant but more emphasis on the 'personal touch'. Meanwhile, freezing dryer technology become ubiquitous in food production as shady or floss. question is, does the end product being sold is the technology itself or produced through the use of technology. So, the business model must recognize these differences involving the production of end products or services. "
According to him, the technology as a facilitator depending on the segment entered. For example, for restaurant visitors 'personal touch' is more important than selling online.
However, if the business involves the marketing or production on a large scale with a pretty good sale (like shady or floss), then technology played an important role. In particular, large-scale production of combining food-related technology to ensure the freshness of the food. In addition, online booking and sales via the Web can be made.
Knowledge of IT and the Internet are advantages to CEO
When you answer the same question Yohani said, "businesses like restaurants, education, training, trade or any form of business that is not using the technology is likely to be 'stuck'. When we look around us today, increased competition not only occur at the
locally but also globally. If, nothing is done, the competition will appear in new forms such as the use of IT, Internet, SMS, and wireless communications to outperform their competitors. "
According to him, businesses that choose not to use the technology will affect competitiveness while its market share. So, operators need to understand what 'tool' that can be used to stay competitive. Although the restaurant is well known businesses such as food centric,
services and the environment, but another important aspect is the use of technology in marketing. This is to ensure continuous visits and restaurants can be known.
"There is a restaurant that uses SMS technology. Customers can obtain information about a restaurant easier fingertips via mobile phones rather than going from one store to another store. This is one of the aspects of the use of technology in marketing adopted most restaurants around the world moment, especially to compete with others. There are a lot of creativity in marketing. Regardless of the type of business, competition should be taken into account, "said Yohani.
e-biz is not just about shopping
In the same discussion, panel members were asked to comment on the development of technology for the past 10 years to come. In this case John felt that the broader technology will grow rapidly and not vice versa. He said microprocessor is a good example in terms of speed and size. History has proven, microprocessor miniaturization is a good example of technology, and the development of the technology is expected to increase further.
"The technology can also be classified as off the shelf technology. It refers to something that can be bought and accessed by everyone as PCs and notebooks available today. Much of today's business of buying and using off the shelf technology. Some advanced technology that can distinguish a company with another, and to be more competitive. use of advanced technologies need a lot of investment. while wireless technology is an example for application of advanced technology. "
John further explained that there is technology really advanced. But, not all companies will use the technology because it is not needed or not affordable today. For example, the advanced technology in the biotech industry, where a study is in progress when this gene have been found useful in medicine. In fact, in the IT field itself there are the newest technology, but not all companies use it because it is not needed at this point.
In an increasingly heated discussion, the panelists line also gives a different perspective when asked about the potential of technology predicted in the future, especially in the category of major applications (killer application). Some of the technologies that are expected to become important applications including
wireless applications, 3G (third generation), personal digital assistants (PDAs), and home computing.
In summary, all the panelists agreed that technology will continue to be combined in the business.
[ Information source: PC Magazine ]
[ The most famous technology products today ]
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[ iPad ]
[1] -Safari: a web browser that can be used to access various internet sites, like Google, Yahoo, Myspace, Flickr, Apple or social networking sites like Friendster, Twitter, Facebook and Plurk.
[2] -Mail: an application that allows users to view electronic mail (email) and this feature can work with almost all the leading providers such as Yahoo! Mail, Gmail, or Windows Live Hotmail.
[3] -iTunes: an application that can be used to browse and download music, television, video and podcasts via the iTunes Store. ITunes application that is in the iPad can be synchronized with iTunes on the MacBook or the user's computer.
[4] -iPod: an application that is able to organize and play music, just like those found on other Apple products like the iPod or iPhone.
[5] -Photo: an application that can be used to store, organize and view photos. Users not only get to see the photos by date and the event, but also based on the face or the place where the photo was taken. Users can also synchronize photos to the iPad from your Mac or PC via iTunes or transfer photos from digital cameras to the iPad via the iPad camera connection kit.
[6] -Video: the application used to watch various types of video, ranging from movies with High Definition (HD), podcasts, TV shows to music videos on the go while users are on the plane though.
[7] -App Store: used to download applications that amounted to almost 150,000. App Store provides applications for Apple products with a variety of categories, ranging from games, lifestyle, education and so forth. Applications are available at the App Store can be downloaded for free by users but some are charged a fee.
[8] -Youtube: This application can be used to allow users to see different types that exist in the Youtube videos without having to access the site.
[9] -iBooks: an application that is used not only for reading only, but also browse and buy books digital format (e-books) from the iBookstore. This application can be downloaded at the App Store for free, but unfortunately this new application is available in the U.S. alone.
[10] -iWork: applications are also available on the Mac, which consists of Keynote, Pages and Numbers. This application can help users create presentations, documents, or spreadsheets.
[11] -Maps: applications that can be used to view a map of the high-resolution satellite imagery through. In addition to viewing the map, users can also search for the location or the route from one place to another.
So, knowing more applications from ipad, perhaps many people are interested in using it. as a student, I probably will use it to find information easier and my time can be saved. not only that, I can also communicate remotely via social sites like facebook. Finally, technology is desired by all levels of society today. I hope the development of this technology should be developed so that our country is becoming a center of advanced technology.
[ REFERENCE FROM GOOGLE ]
[ Disadvantages of ICT In Early Childhood Education ]
At the time of Malaysia's fastest growing increasingly widespread use of ict to all groups is not limited to the workers and adults only but children are not left out in accordance with the current pace of globalization. Children are also already know how to use computers. They can open and close the computer. They also can explore new things. But the extent of ict can bring benefits to children, particularly in early childhood education because ict can also be detrimental to them.
Parents play an important role in educating their children towards making them human excellence, glory and distinction but since most parents who have little in worldly success, status and rank, but they forget to give proper instruction to children their children. Parents who work in large metropolitan cities are more likely to work from morning to night. Task of nurturing and educating children is given to a paid caregiver at home. During the child's teacher may be ditadika see it, but if house sitter can not necessarily take care of all our children gesture. Kids will be bored because they have no friends to play so they prefer to play computer games.
Children will sit playing computer games as rewards and offer the game, Because children have a high curiosity in them then they will play until the canal can find out what happened at the end of the game can become addicted itu.Mereka with computer games. So their development will not happen with what should have been achieved by other children. Interpersonal intelligence they will not grow because they just sat down to play permaianan komputer.Mereka just thinking about how they can win the game only from the corner of the socio-emotional child has the selfishness and do not want to budge. Nature is good, but if it applies in their lives in all situations it becomes something that is not good for them because it had a negative impact. The children will certainly think only of their interests and does not want to budge. If it is adopted in their lives as an example of kindergarten children as this will not share their toys and if there is a competition they will try to dominate the competition and will experience intense disappointment if they lose in the competition.
Next ict also have an adverse impact on the child if it is not prevented. Uncontrolled internet usage can cause a child to know things beyond their age limit. For example a lot of pornographic materials spread in the internet. If it is the wrong type keywords and sites that do not open should suddenly appear website children will see it because it was the natural disposition of children have a curiosity that tinggi.Oleh why children are able to know what that they should not know. They will imitate the negative things without knowing that it was actually wrong.
Ict in the time now is sesuatau much needed in education and used by ditadika-kindergarten teachers but not all teachers are able to mengaplikasakan ict in their teaching. Teachers ditadika not all proficient in using computers and the ability to use computers is limited. They are not given adequate training then the computer is left idle and unused, will not result in waste.
They do not know they can actually apply their teaching by using computers. For example teaching storytelling, they can use Microsoft movie maker application for use in the classroom, but sometimes if it is used too often, the teacher will be lazy to make teaching and think about it because most of the information they can use the technique 'copy and paste'. They are not going to be creative in teaching and learning children will become bored because they are not creative teachers in delivering lessons to mereka.Mereka will not be able to learn effectively. For example the teacher is just leave the class and asked students to khusu watched without guidance from the teacher. Indirectly, teachers will not be able to detect the level of student achievement in terms of weaknesses and abilities.
Children will not be able to show off their talents and share them on something that can not be measured and will be abandoned. Sensory stimulation they can not expand because they do not know something real. For example, students will learn things such as apples in the picture without experiencing the real experince with the feeling that Apple is actually round and sweet. This is because a child will easily remember things and learn melalhui experince surrounding them.
Teachers will also be lazy especially with the availability of internet access and e-mail. Through e-mail they can change the outcome of their work and the production of a matter would not be productive and creative. Teaching methods will be stereotyped arrangment Only children do not will earn renewal in their learning. All children will learn the same thing in the same way. This indirectly makes children lazy to learn and quickly become bored in learning sessions.
Teachers will be devastated and teaching will not occur if the teacher depend solely on the use of computers. If the computer was damaged and had problems teachers can not teach and lead children will meet their activities with things that are not beneficial.
In language learning such as the use of their computers will not be able to learn to pronounce correctly because they only listen to the words from the audio that is played by the computer. Their articulation will be less true and accurate. Diction that comes out of the computer also is limited because the children will not learn much more than what has been set by their teachers only and they are not able to apply it in their lives diction properly because they can not be clearly aware of the use of diction. Then the communication skills they will be very weak. They will not be able to use phrases suitable verse for their shortcomings in the selection diction.
In an effort to integrate technology in learning actually face a number of barriers that must be understood by teachers and administrators. Teachers and administrators must be prepared to accept this change with an open mind and postif and try addressing changes that would occur in the integration of this technology. Among the obstacles that may be time, teacher training, and technology. To switch from the traditional to the technology certainly takes a long time. Teachers are required to attend courses in ICT skills gradually and get support from administrators, ministries and resources in ICT experts who get skills from abroad. However major obstacle is that teachers need to adapt to technology and mastering tool for managing classroom pedagogy.
Kay (1990) concluded that the attitudes, awareness and capability of software applications is a great way to anticipate and predict commitment to use komputer.Woodrow (1991: 165) explains the awareness of trainee teachers' attitudes towards computers as "a central in the evaluation of computer course and in the development of computer based Curricula ". Without preparation of attitude, all the proposed changes will have the greatest obstacle to form and move the main engine of change in human resources toward the program changes in a large organinasi as the ministry of education.
The main goal of integration is to engage students in meaningful learning and not for student use of technology alone.
ICT certainly bring benefits to us but there are disadvantages in the use of ICT if ignored could give a negative impact on children. The use of ICT to children should be with the guidance and teachers should also be creative delivering their teaching without relying heavily on ICT. Finding the latest information and techniques indeed encouraged kepasa all teachers in kindergarten, but if it is abused the meaning of advanced information technology to our children if we are to be dis-backs and not to think towards the future and in particular formation can not develop the country.
[ Poetry In ICT ]
Poems are words born of a sense of artistic fine poet. The subtle flavor derived from the turbulence in self-stimulation due to interference or something else. Turbulence in self arising from a clash of artistic sense and critical thought (his taste and his thought) that is within the author.
We behave agree or disagree on an issue after being processed or filtered by feelings and thoughts. Feelings and thoughts about norms within the circle formed by the religious and cultural customs. This means that we create poems express the feelings and thoughts.
Poetry created not born of feeling alone. The process of formation poet poetry offset by the mind. Mature poetry, artistic quality and a balance between feeling and thinking. Poetry rich in feeling alone considered 'over acting' and low literary value. Whereas, the message-conscious poetry / ideas / thoughts alone are less poetic and artistic. A good idea would be interesting if artfully served.
Poets have a high awareness of the importance of a good life. They fight to uphold human / harmony regardless of place and ethnicity. They filmed awareness in many ways and style choices. Diversity processing style that was influenced by the author's personal background, community, education, ideology, and development time. Diversity that is the issue all shapes, styles and themes of poetry.
Seasoning poet will not write poetry praise or high bererotik love. They will write a poem that includes feelings and thoughts about a phenomenon that can be shared.
These two elements, feelings and thoughts, which makes the poem interesting, both in terms of language processing or processing forms. Both poets express the feelings and minds of the civilized man. In short, the poem comes from feeling and cured by thought.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of high-tech achievements produced by humans. In ICT are not contained feelings. Everything being objective. Password given no choice. Incorrect password will fail, and vice versa. In a simple analogy that can be human-class poetry, while ICT are like angels. In human action there is an element of feeling and thought. Unlike the angels that did not have feelings.
Status of long poems in Malay society is high. Poetry be good in terms of expressive culture rituals, cultural as well as the disclosure of feelings. The development of high-mass and human achievement in science, technology and communication have helped accelerate the achievement of poetry messages. Some poems role executed by ICT.
As human communication tool created to facilitate temporal ICT. In fact, to fill a need after worldly. Human use of ICT as a tool to achieve their well-being or wishes.
One of the sense of well being among the poet is to create and express poetry. The poet can realize their desire through the temples of poetry with the help of ICT.
Many aspects that can be used by the poet in the world of ICT. Since poetry poets record fine taste, then the poet can use ICT to deliver a delicate flavor to the other man. Poets can make ICT as poetry theme. These cases have long harnessed and captured in poetry. Old Malay community never succumbed to mass development. Instead, they take advantage of mass development, developing them into the poem, as the poem below.
Buah langsat kuning mencelah,
Senduduk tidak berguna lagi;
Sudah dapat gading bertuah,
Tanduk tidak berguna lagi.
In the above poem looks and knowledge of agricultural trade matters. Fruit complexioned, horn and shrubs bring the image of agriculture, while the horn and ivory trade was brought images. Among gain horn with ivory requires elevation gain knowledge, expertise and different technologies. Method to obtain the horn is not same as the method to get a couple. Changes in economic development from agriculture to trade disable Malay expressive art. They recorded changes in the poem. The poem thus recording a change in the mindset of society from agriculture to trade.
In the era of the 1980s, under the leadership of Guest Wan Ahmad Ismail was the first writer in Malaysia organization that combines poetry with ICT in the presentation. Poems recited by poets featured in the tv screen. In the World Poetry recital Kuala Lumpur in 2002, organized by SPMG located in the grounds of Pena House also leveraging ICT through a larger screenshot.
ICT world at an angle into poetry broadcast media. Poets can create and publish poetry through your blog or website. Until now, many blogs and websites dedicated to poetry. Poets can build their own website or blog and poetry to channel into your blog or website to others.
Now this blog and website functions as a virtual media publish poets work. Some poets publish poems in their website either periodically or entirely. In fact, there are those who take full advantage of ICT as a field work. For example, e-literature group led by Abu Bakr Irwan. E-literature also print works from the virtual into the real site. Before that, the print work from virtual to real world was initiated by Graffiti.
When poets publish poetry through indirect website have been selling their poetry. Broader market and quickly. Wider audience of readers. Advantages of poetry published in the blog readers can comment on, based on their tastes. While writers can use the comments to finalize their poetry.
This is proof that poetry relevant in the era of ICT.
[ resources from nassuryibrahim@gmail.com ]
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